Prospective associations of depression with survival: a population-based cohort study in patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer.

Prediction of breast cancer-specific and all-cause mortality (stages I–III) Joint analysis of patients with curable breast cancer (stages I–III) demonstrated a main effect of depression on all-cause mortality but not on breast-cancer specific mortality, such that depression at the time of cancer diagnosis increased hazards of all-cause mortality by 50 % compared to non-depressed patients (HR = 1.54 (95 % CI 1.06–2.25), p = 0.024) while the effect on breast cancer-specific mortality demonstrated an effect of similar magnitude which, however, only reached marginal significance (HR = 1.51 (95 % CI 0.95–2.41), p = 0.084) (see Table 2 and Fig. 1 ).

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However, there were few discrepancies in findings between all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality; the missing significance of depression as a predictor of breast cancer-specific mortality approached significance and the hazard ratio was the same size as the hazard ratio for all-cause mortality.

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