Thrifty metabolic programming in rats is induced by both maternal undernutrition and postnatal leptin treatment, but masked in the presence of both: implications for models of developmental programming.

Plasma leptin levels follow the same pattern as body fat percent (AB interaction F 1,56 = 11.32, p = 1.39 × 10 -3 ), and fasting C-peptide levels also show a highly significant AB interaction term (AB interaction F 1,56 = 13.13, p = 6.29 × 10 -4 ) and a similar profile of dysregulation.

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In this light it is interesting to note that groups 1-3 (with the opposite expression pattern) showed a trend towards enrichment for genes involved in the complement cascade and innate immunity such as complement gene C2 .

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