Maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and reproductive health in children: a review of epidemiological studies.

Approximately 15% of the population in developed countries are affected by infertility, 1 there have been an increasing use of assisted reproductive technology, a decreasing trend in semen quality have been claimed, 2 , 3 as well as increasing prevalence of urogenital malformations, 4 and incidence of testicular cancer. 5 These factors have contributed to a substantial public interest to the concern.

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In comparison with non-exposed sons, sons exposed to >19 cigarettes per day had 38% lower total sperm count and 17% lower sperm concentration, however, these differences did not reach statistical significance.

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