nearly significantP = 0.08
Although we did not observe a significant difference in the mRNA levels of the upstream regulators of the UPR [IRE1, PEK (PERK), Hsc70-3 (BiP; GRP78), and XBP1] in the GeneChip analysis, a more sensitive analysis by qRT-PCR in male eye imaginal discs expressing mutant hINS compared to the GMR-Gal4 control revealed significant increases in expression of PERK (CG2087), BiP (CG4147), and XBP1 (CG9415) and a nearly significant increase in expression of IRE1 (CG4583; P = 0.08) ( Table S5 ).