Is bone transplantation the gold standard for repair of alveolar bone defects?

Although we could not categorically affirm if the presence of MSCs determined the additional bone formation, we believe that local factors mediate MSC differentiation and induce bone formation by recruiting murine host osteogenic cells, especially in the presence of the Bio-Oss matrix, whose data showed a trend to generate statistically more bone in Group 3 (in which defects were repaired with bovine bone mineral loaded with MSCs) compared to Group 2 (in which defects were repaired with bovine bone mineral free of cells).

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