Tumour T1 changes in vivo are highly predictive of response to chemotherapy and reflect the number of viable tumour cells--a preclinical MR study in mice.

Since everolimus inhibited tumour growth, there was of course a reduction in the total and viable area and consequently a reduction in the total cell number examined by IHC comparing everolimus-treated to vehicle-treated mice (Table 1 , Figure 3 ), although these did not quite reach significance (p = 0.1).

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Also in this model, there was no clear evidence of increased tumour cell kill since caspase-3 levels were unaffected, although there did appear to be a strong trend for an increase in the PUFAs of everolimus-treated tumours which has been associated with apoptosis in other experimental models [ 10 ].

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Quantification of tumour T 1 by MRI at baseline gave a mean ± SD of 2301 ± 100 msec (both groups, n = 14) which showed no significant change in vehicle-treated mice, but was reduced in 7/7 mice treated with everolimus providing a small but highly significant mean decrease of 10 ± 2% after 5 days treatment (Figure 1 , Table 1 ). 1 H-MRS on the same tumours at the same time-points was also performed to provide signals for total choline, creatine, as well as polyunsaturated lipids (PUFA) and saturated (CH 2 and CH 3 ) lipids (Figure 2 A).

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