Seismic surveys negatively affect humpback whale singing activity off northern Angola.

The Survey Day variable was highly significant ( p <0.001, edf values of 8.20 and 7.59 for MARU 1 and MARU 2, respectively) for both MARUs, with multi-modal seasonal distributions; there was also significant diel variation ( p <0.01, edf values of 3.15 and 3.64 for MARU 1 and MARU 2, respectively) for both MARUs, with peak singing activity during the night (see Figure S3 , for estimated smoothers for Survey Day and Hour).

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There was a significant trend for fewer singers during periods with higher received levels of seismic survey pulses at both MARU 1 ( p <0.05, effective degrees of freedom (edf) = 1) and MARU 2 ( p <0.01, edf = 1) ( Table 1 , Figure 4 ).

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