Detection of human papillomavirus infection and p16 immunohistochemistry expression in bladder cancer with squamous differentiation.

PLoS One · 2014 · PMC3968164 · PMID 24675970

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Although the increased likelihood of HPV-positivity in non-smokers did not reach statistical significance because of the small sample size, this finding suggests that HPV infection might further be associated with the development of mixed UC/SCC of urinary bladder, especially in non-smokers because of its twice greater the percentage of HPV positivity than that of smokers (p = 0.286, Table 3 ).

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