Chromosomal replication dynamics and interaction with the β sliding clamp determine orientation of bacterial transposable elements.

Thus, orientation bias is highly significant ( P < 10 − 2 ) for ten IS families in Firmicutes but only for three IS families in Proteobacteria and two in Actinobacteria.

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As previously observed ( Rocha 2002 ), we detected a strong trend for non-IS genes to be placed in the leading strand (i.e., direction of movement of the replication fork) in Firmicutes and Tenericutes but not in other groups ( fig. 2 A ).

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