Altered glucose metabolism rather than naive type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is related to vitamin D status in severe obesity.

Of note, 25(OH)D 3 concentrations were related to insulin levels by direct association, both in fasting conditions (r = 0.097, p = 0.03) and after OGTT (r = 0.099, p = 0.02), with near-significant associations to HOMA-IR (r = 0.085, p = 0.053) and c-peptide levels (r = 0.084, p = 0.06).

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Nevertheless, the potential effects of vitamin D status on insulin sensitivity are debated, as the correlation between vitamin D and response to insulin has been found direct by some studies [ 27 ] and modestly significant by others [ 28 ].

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