Genotypic and functional impact of HIV-1 adaptation to its host population during the North American epidemic.

Overall though, the average frequencies of these polymorphisms in persons lacking the relevant HLA(s) were modestly higher in modern (median 3.4% [IQR 1–12%]) compared to historic (median 2.0% [IQR 0.6–11%]) sequences, though this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.054) ( Figure 4E ).

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Nevertheless, such a positive trend is observed in both the historic and modern cohorts, as expected ( Figure S7 ).

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