Association between postnatal dexamethasone for treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia and brain volumes at adolescence in infants born very preterm.

Volumes of total brain tissue, cortical white matter, thalamus, and all nuclei of the basal ganglia were smaller in participants who received postnatal dexamethasone compared with those who did not, even after adjustment for gestational age at birth, sex, small for gestational age, BPD, and presence of major brain injury, with the exception of total brain tissue volume, which failed to reach statistical significance ( Table III ).

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