Investigation of the role of the p38 MAPK α and δ isoforms in nonresponse to tumour necrosis factor blockade in the synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients

A similar trend was seen in the synovial lining layer of responders, with a decrease in expression of p38α and p38δ and phospho-p38 post infliximab treatment in four of five responders, although these results did not reach statistical significance. p38δ and phospho-p38 in the sublining layer and phospho-p38 in the lining layer increased, or remained high, in all three nonresponders tested, and this tendency was the opposite to that seen in the responders.

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