Osteoarthritic cartilage explants affect extracellular matrix production and composition in cocultured bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and articular chondrocytes.

In BMSC mono- and cocultures, we detected a highly significant upregulation of COL2A1 gene expression from day 7 to 28, suggesting induction of chondrogenic differentiation.

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In contrast, cocultured chondrocytes showed a trend to increased Young’s modulus (at 40% to 50% strain), which indicates a superior matrix during unconfined compression compared with BMSCs and tri-cultures.

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