Comparisons indicated that increases in children’s fear beliefs due to fear pairing were approaching borderline significance, F (1, 28) = 3.19, p = .085, r = .32, showing a medium-sized effect ( Cohen, 1988 , 1992 ), and decreases due to happy pairing were highly significant, F (1, 28) = 25.11, p < .001, r = .69.
There was a borderline significant main effect of time, F (1, 59) = 3.89, p = .053, η p 2 = .062, and significant main effect of pairing type, F (2, 118) = 6.19, p = .003, η p 2 = .095.
There was a small to medium effect ( r = .23) of increased fear beliefs that approached but did not reach conventional levels of significance ( p = .085), and the most likely explanation is that the sample size in this group ( N = 29) was too small to provide sufficient power to detect this effect.