27 , 29 , 30 Recommended supramaximal single doses of three NSAIDs produced comparable changes in pain scores, which indicates a ceiling analgesic effect, but the incidence of side effects showed a trend to increase with dose, without a ceiling effect, and to increase with multiple doses. 30 These findings question whether the traditional WHO second analgesic step is warranted. 30 OPIOID ANALGESICS Opioid analgesics are widely acknowledged as the most important drugs for the treatment of chronic cancer pain. 25 There are several classifications of these drugs. 1 , 31 Firstly weak opioids (such as codeine) and strong opioids (such as morphine) are differentiated.
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Pharmacological strategies for the management of cancer pain in developing countries.
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