Out-of-pocket expenditure by Australian seniors with chronic disease: the effect of specific diseases and morbidity clusters.

BMC Public Health · 2014 · PMC4182884 · PMID 25260348

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showed a trendno p-value reported

The Mantel-Haenszel chi-square test for linear trend (χ 2 trend ) was used to assess whether the proportion of participants who spent over 10% of income as OOPE showed a trend in relation to their level of household income.

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