Multiple paternity is a shared reproductive strategy in the live-bearing surfperches (Embiotocidae) that may be associated with female fitness.

8 ), yet a higher proportion of the brood was found in pocket 1 than pocket 3 in six of the 10 families ( x = 26%, 15%, for pockets 1, 3, respectively), which was nearly significant (Mann–Whitney U -test, N 1 = N 2 = 10, U = 88.5, P = 0.052).

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