Purified cell wall from the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus gasseri activates systemic inflammation and, at higher doses, produces lethality in a rat model.

Overall, higher cell-wall doses had greater effects than lower ones in patterns that were significant for neutrophils and platelets ( P < 0.0001 for the effects of high versus medium versus low-dose cell wall) and approached significance for lymphocytes ( P = 0.056).

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However, even with these numbers, differences in survival, the primary outcome comparing the low, medium, and high cell-wall doses, were highly significant.

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