Prolonged continuous intravenous infusion of the dipeptide L-alanine- L-glutamine significantly increases plasma glutamine and alanine without elevating brain glutamate in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

During the 24-hour infusion phase the trend in increased urea and ammonia did not reach statistical significance (urea (median) before infusion, 2.2; during infusion, 3.3; after infusion, 2.9 mmol/L, and ammonia (median) before infusion, 12.8; during infusion, 21.7; after infusion, 18.2 μmol/L).

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