showed a trendp = 0.050
The following factors showed a trend toward being risk factors on multivariate analysis: CNS disease (OR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.00-5.01, p = 0.050), renal dysfunction (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 0.98-4.13, p = 0.058), male gender (OR = 1.75, 95% CI: 0.93-3.29, p = 0.082), higher age (OR = 1.70, 95% CI: 0.95-3.03, p = 0.075), combined resection (OR = 2.85, 95% CI: 0.88-9.27, p = 0.081), and extended operating time (OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 0.95-2.73, p = 0.079).