Glucose tolerance is associated with differential expression of microRNAs in skeletal muscle: results from studies of twins with and without type 2 diabetes.

Although the effects of high glucose ( p = 0.2) and high insulin levels ( p = 0.2) on miR-15b expression did not reach statistical significance in these cells (Fig. 2a ), we found that high insulin ( p = 0.01) and high glucose ( p = 0.003) levels reduced the miR-16 levels (Fig. 2b ).

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The biological relevance of our results was demonstrated in the non-diabetic twins, with a negative association between levels of miR-15b and INSR, a borderline significant positive association between miR-16 and PIK3R1 and a highly significant negative association between miR-15b and IRS-1 protein levels. 3′UTR luciferase studies could be instrumental in providing more insights into the extent to which miR-15b and miR-16 bind to the 3′UTR regions of their predicted targets, and to determine the extent to which these miRNAs—alone or in concert with other miRNAs—may influence the expression of one or more insulin signalling proteins.

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