Cardiovascular and respiratory dysfunction in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease complicated by impaired peripheral oxygenation.

IPO can seriously limit patients’ ability to perform certain activities of daily living, and the impact of related symptoms can be quite significant. 2 Clinicians tend to screen for the causes of exertional dyspnea using non-invasive cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). 1 , 3 – 5 IPO-related variables obtained from CPET include peak oxygen uptake ( V ̇ O 2 ) < 85 % predicted, anaerobic threshold < 40 % V ̇ O 2 max predicted, V ̇ O 2 -

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