Evolutionary history and leaf succulence as explanations for medicinal use in aloes and the global popularity of Aloe vera.

Using Fritz & Purvis’s D-metric [ 44 ] as our measure of phylogenetic signal, where D = 1 indicates no phylogenetic structure to the trait data and D = 0 indicates strong correlation between trait distribution and phylogeny (see methods for full description), we found the degree of phylogenetic signal in succulence per se was highly significant (D = 0.132, p < 0.001).

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Four of the six evolutionary transitions in aloes where succulence is severely reduced are associated with loss of medicinal use, providing weakly significant support for the hypothesis (pairwise comparison test: p = 0.065).

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