The FRK1 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MAPKKK) from Solanum chacoense is involved in embryo sac and pollen development.

When WT ovules were used, 59% of the assays showed pollen tubes growing toward WT ovules ( n =80), while only 10% of the pollen tubes grew toward the Scfrk1 -S1 ovules ( n =60), giving a highly significant P <0.0001 value in a two-sample binomial test.

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An attraction phenotype was scored when there was a clear trend and the majority of the pollen tubes grew toward the ovules as observed in Fig. 7A with WT ovules, while typical absence of attraction can be observed in Fig. 7B with Scfrk1 -S1 ovules.

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