Solar radiation during rewarming from torpor in elephant shrews: supplementation or substitution of endogenous heat production?

Mean torpor frequency (i.e., percentage of days on which torpor was used) was 58.3 ± 18.1% (N = 122 bouts) in the deep shade treatment, 54.8 ± 20.3% (N = 124 bouts) in the partial shade treatment, and 27.8 ± 28.1% (N = 51 bouts) in the full sun treatment, with variation among the three treatments being marginally non-significant (LMM, F 1, 16 = 3.98, P = 0.06).

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4D ), nor did mass-specific ME values (LMM, F 1,13 = 4.191, P = 0.067), although the latter difference approached significance (full sun: 7.60 ± 1.74 vs shade: 6.15 ± 1.11).

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