The enhanced activation of integrin β1 observed in our experiments is quite significant in the context of carcinogenesis, since this molecule has been shown to be up-regulated upon irradiation in breast cancer cells, leading to cellular resistance in response to IR treatment (reviewed in [ 51 ]) and promoting survival in 3D culture models [ 52 ].
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Bacterial genotoxins promote inside-out integrin β1 activation, formation of focal adhesion complexes and cell spreading.
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