The association of area-level social class and tobacco use with adverse breast cancer characteristics among white and black women: evidence from Maryland, 1992-2003.

Model 4 indicates that higher area-level tobacco spending contributes additional independent risk for aggressive grade, although the effect is relatively modest, with an increase of 1% in the odds of aggressive tumor histology associated with a $100 increase in average annual household spending on tobacco, and only marginally significant (p = 0.05).

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