Phenylbutyrate Is Bacteriostatic against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Regulates the Macrophage Response to Infection, Synergistically with 25-Hydroxy-Vitamin D3.

Adding 25(OH)D 3 in the presence of PBA enhanced the response of eight 25(OH)D 3 -regulated genes: five ( CAMP , CYP24A1 (OMIM 126065), IL36 , IL37 , TREM1 ) were synergistically induced, with the combined effect of co-treatment greater than an additive combination of individual effects, and three chemokines CXCL7 , and IFNγ-inducible CXCL9 and CXCL10 were all further inhibited by combined treatment, despite the fact that PBA only showed a trend towards inhibition of CXCL9 and CXCL10 during monotherapy ( Fig 4B and Table 2 ).

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