Exploring the relation between people's theories of intelligence and beliefs about brain development.

Most participants agreed that it is: for example, 72% of participants agreed or strongly agreed with the statement, “Learning is due to modifications in the brain”; and 90% agreed or strongly agreed that, “There is a lasting change in the brain when someone learns a new skill.” Using the Bonferroni-adjusted alpha level of 0.006, we found that the correlation between TOI scores and responses to these questions did not reach statistical significance ( R 2 = 0.036, p = 0.008).

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Treating TOI as a categorical variable, we found a marginally significant effect of TOI category on whether participants believed practicing skills changes a person’s brain [ F (2,190) = 4.79, p = 0.009, η 2 = 0.038] Tukey contrasts revealed a significant difference only between the incremental and the entity theorists [ t (112) = 2.77, p = 0.02].

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