highly significantp < 0.01
p -Values were considered significant at * p < 0.05 and highly significant at ** p < 0.01 or *** p < 0.001. 5.
p -Values were considered significant at * p < 0.05 and highly significant at ** p < 0.01 or *** p < 0.001. 5.
Intriguingly, in NPC cultures, DMF also showed a trend of down-regulating genes including Ccl5 [Chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 5-, 3-fold decrease], which is a ligand of CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 with the potential to reduce the recruitment of leukocytes into inflammatory sites ( Figure 6 A).