Kinetics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific IFN-γ responses and sputum bacillary clearance in HIV-infected adults during treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis.

After 14 days of treatment the magnitude of bacillary load reduction was greater in HIV-uninfected than HIV-infected patients, although this did not reach statistical significance for culture (median DTP 14.3 [IQR 9.8–18.5] days vs. 9.8 [IQR 8.2–12.4] days, p = 0.06, Figure 1 A) but was significant for smear conversion (30% vs. 12%, p = 0.0029, Figure 1 B).

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Although there were no statistically significant differences between day 0 and day 56 in responses to PPD (HIV−, p = 0.6888; HIV+, p = 0.0846), ESAT-6 (HIV−, p = 0.1220; HIV+, p = 0.9923) or CFP-10 (HIV−, p = 0.4508; HIV+, p = 0.2417), the frequency of PPD-specific IFN-γ secreting cells showed an increasing trend from day 0 to day 56 in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients ( Table 2 , Figure 3 A and 3B).

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In contrast, the frequency of ESAT-6-specific IFN-γ secreting cells showed a decreasing trend from day 0 to day 56 in both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected patients ( Table 2 , Figure 3 C and 3D).

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