Pain Processing after Social Exclusion and Its Relation to Rejection Sensitivity in Borderline Personality Disorder.

Activation during physical pain after social exclusion was higher in the right insula and showed a trend towards a lower activation in the amygdala for BPD patients compared with HC (see Fig 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2e ; Insula: [30 -28 19], p SVC-FWE = .035; amygdala: right [21 -7 -14], p = .074; and left: [-33 2 -26], p SVC-FWE = .084).

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Interaction effect group x temperature ROI analyses revealed higher activation in the right posterior insula ([33 -31 19], p SVC-FWE = .020), and there was a statistical trend of lower activation in the right amygdala ([33 2 -26], p SVC-FWE = .065) during painful compared with non-painful stimuli, which was higher in the BPD group compared with the HC.

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