Impact of Educational Attainment on Health Outcomes in Moderate to Severe CKD.

Results There was a significant trend ( P < 0.001) toward increased vascular risk with decreasing levels of education.

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The marginally significant interaction in education gradient in CKD progression by study treatment assignment ( P = 0.02) was in the absence of any overall effect of allocation to simvastatin plus ezetimibe on CKD progression in the study. 14 Highest educational attainment was selected as the primary measure of socioeconomic status because it is less likely than other measures, such as income or employment, to have been influenced by disease at study entry (because it is usually completed in early life, before such disease emerges). 25 Our analyses are therefore unlikely to be susceptible to reverse causality bias.

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