Association of incidental emphysema with annual lung function decline and future development of airflow limitation.

However, the adjusted annual rate of FVC decline was significantly accelerated by the presence of emphysema in the noncurrent-smoker subgroup (−18.0±3.0 versus −35.8±6.7 mL/year; mean difference, 17.8 mL/year; P =0.02), while the adjusted annual rate of FEV 1 decline also showed a tendency toward acceleration with emphysema but did not reach statistical significance (−18.2±3.3 versus −30.3±6.4 mL/year; mean difference, 12.1 mL/year; P =0.07).

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