Inhalation cancer risk assessment of hexavalent chromium based on updated mortality for Painesville chromate production workers.

18 A significant trend was also observed when stratified by duration of employment ( P <0.01); for the workers employed 20–32 years, lung cancer risk was five times that expected (SMR=502, 95% CI 305–698).

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These eight modeling efforts all gave qualitatively very similar results: cumulative exposure and smoking were all highly significant, either alone or in combination.

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