Examples of marked reversals of life expectancy linked to substance use policies One, almost classic, example for abrupt reversals in life expectancy relates to the changes associated with the alcohol reforms of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in the Gorbachev era, which reversed a negative trend in life expectancy into a positive one following a reduction in the supply of alcohol (increase in life expectancy from 1984 to 1987: men, 3.2 years; women, 1.3 years [ 5 , 6 ]).
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Policy implications of marked reversals of population life expectancy caused by substance use.
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