Antenna Deployment for the Localization of Partial Discharges in Open-Air Substations.

There are well-known algorithms to find the initial time of a pulse such as cross correlation with or without preprocessor, first introduced in [ 19 ]; the detection of steep changes in the cumulative energy of the time signal [ 9 ]; or the modification of this method including a negative trend [ 20 , 21 ]; the Akaike information criterion (AIC) based on autoregressive processes; and, energy-based methods using high order statistics such as kurtosis and skewness [ 22 ].

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