191 A recent phase II study using the PROSTVAC vaccine showed a trend toward increased OS in patients with a greater than sixfold increase in T-cell response. 192 The immune monitoring within the PROSPECT randomized phase III study with this vaccine may yield further interesting candidates. 193 Recently, cellular responses to ipilimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the CTLA-4 checkpoint, were examined in a few studies.
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The Present and Future of Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer: Proteomics, Genomics, and Immunology Advancements.
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