Abnormality in glutamine-glutamate cycle in the cerebrospinal fluid of cognitively intact elderly individuals with major depressive disorder: a 3-year follow-up study.

Finally, we observed a marginally significant negative correlation ( r =−0.328, P =0.051) between the change scores (baseline to follow-up) of the glutamine/glutamate ratio and of HAM-D scores in all subjects, suggesting that as depression severity decreased, so did the ratio.

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The CSF levels of amyloid-β 42 in the MDD group at baseline were significantly lower than those of the comparison group, whereas differences in CSF levels of amyloid-β 40 , and total and phosphorylated tau protein at baseline did not reach statistical significance across conditions ( Table 1 ). 26 There were no significant differences in levels of five amino acids (glutamine, glutamate, glycine, l -serine and d -serine) between the MDD ( N =28) and comparison groups ( N =19) at baseline ( Table 2 ).

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