Depression in patients with chronic pain attending a specialised pain treatment centre: prevalence and impact on health care costs.

32 found that depression was a marginally significant factor in predicting lower congruence between self-report and medical record data, and there is some evidence that severely depressed patients may overreport health care utilisation. 30 It is therefore possible that recall bias may have inflated the association between severe depression and health care costs observed in this study.

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Moderate depression increased total health care costs by £134 (CI £-52-£364), although the effect did not reach statistical significance.

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