a significant trendP = .0380
A positive response to CS was observed in 15 of 17 group 1 volunteers (83%), compared with just 9 of 16 volunteers in group 2 (56%), with a significantly higher frequency of IFN-γ–producing CD4 + T cells in group 1 (Figure 6 C ). Ex vivo IFN-γ ELISPOT analysis revealed a trend toward higher responses to CS peptides in group 1 as compared to group 2 ( P = .0517, by the Mann–Whitney test on combined groups); when assessed by peptide pool, a significant trend toward higher responses was observed in pool 1 ( P = .0380, by the Mann–Whitney test).