After adjusting for the effects of potential confounding factors such as age, sex, hypertension, duration of diabetes, biochemical data, and cataract status, a significant trend was observed for all contrast conditions ( p for trend p < 0.001).
In the younger age group (age ≤ 60 y/o), as shown in Table 6 , all the DM groups had significantly lower scores in all contrast conditions (except the non-DR group, which at 25% contrast showed borderline significance) than did the non-DM controls.
Significant or borderline significant differences were observed among all the DM patient groups as compared with controls at all contrast levels in the age group of ≤60 y/o.