a positive trendP < 0.001
Data about laparoscopic procedures was available only after the year 2000: 48% of the patients were operated with the laparoscopic technique with a positive trend during the years, starting from 26% in 2000 to 68.8% in 2013 (AAPC 5.2, P < 0.001) (Figure 3A ) and with a mean length of stay of 4.47 ± 2.66 d (compared to 5.43 ± 2.94 with the open technique, P < 0.001).