Increased intermediate M1-M2 macrophage polarization and improved cognition in mild cognitive impairment patients on ω-3 supplementation.

Clinically and statistically significant findings (but limited by the study design and low number of subjects) were: 1 ) in patients with ApoE ε3/ε3, a small improvement of cognitive level: MMSE improved by 2.2 points, whereas patients with ApoE ε3/ε4 did not change; the change within the ApoE ε3/ε3 group and between the groups was significant ( P = 0.01); 2 ) M1M2 polarization of macrophages in patients with ApoE ε3/ε3 to an M1-M2 type of 0.226 compared to the ApoE ε3/ε4 group rate of −0.063 was nearly significant ( P = 0.08); 3 ) correlation between the M1M2 rate and MMSE neared significance in the ApoE ε3/ε4 group (Spearman coefficient = 0.771, P = 0.072).

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