Regulation of myeloid cells by activated T cells determines the efficacy of PD-1 blockade.

In detail, CXCR3 blockade showed a trend to diminished T-cell infiltration into the tumors when compared to combination treatment, as well as significantly decreased T-cell frequencies in spleens ( Figs. 3E and S2C) but led to the strong increase of immuno-suppressive myeloid cells that expressed PD-L1 and CSF-1R (CD115) at high levels ( Fig. 3F ).

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