Increased Apoptosis in the Paraventricular Nucleus Mediated by AT1R/Ras/ERK1/2 Signaling Results in Sympathetic Hyperactivity and Renovascular Hypertension in Rats after Kidney Injury.

Neuronal apoptosis in PVN specimens from model and sham-operated rats Immunochemistry, western blot and real-time PCR showed that cleaved caspase-3 and Bax amounts in PVN from model rats were significantly higher compared with the values obtained for sham-operated rats Bcl-2 expression was reduced in the model rats, both at the gene and protein levels, although the latter did not reach statistical significance (Figures 3A–D , p < 0.05).

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