TNF Blockade Maintains an IL-10<sup>+</sup> Phenotype in Human Effector CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells.

TNF blockade did not alter the frequencies of IFNγ + , TNFα + , or GM-CSF + CD4 + T cell populations but did induce a modest increase in IL-17 + CD4 + T cells, as previously shown ( 20 ), and in most donors in IL-4 + frequencies, although this did not reach statistical significance (Figures S2A, B in Supplementary Material).

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