Is parental competitive ability in winter negatively affected by previous springs' family size?

Further analysis showed a trend that the survival cost of reproduction in the experimental plots was paid only within the group of parents that were able to claim a roosting box during the experiment (Figure 4 ; controlled for year effect; FS manipulation × claimed box: intercept: −7.18 ± 4.39, β = −1.45 ± 1.53, χ 2 df 1 = 2.82, p = .09).

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