The impact of swidden decline on livelihoods and ecosystem services in Southeast Asia: A review of the evidence from 1990 to 2015.

These include a clear trend for transition from LFS to shorter fallows or annual crops in mainland Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Laos, Thailand and Myanmar); a transition to perennial crops in northern Laos and Vietnam (in most cases to rubber, see Ziegler et al. 2009b ; Fox et al. 2012 ); and a transition to perennial crops, including, but not limited to, oil palm and rubber plantations in insular Southeast Asia (Malaysia and Indonesia).

also in 19,460 other papers